‘A Vendetta’ & ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’: Close or Distant? Essay

Though it’s not exactly the case of ‘great men think alike’, yet, there is some similarity between the two short stories of two great storytellers of two different times, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) and â€Å"A Vendetta† by Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893). It produces same reactions at times, as both are murder stories. Apart from that, each of them works with different themes and uses different type of presentations. Therefore this essay tries to find out such differences and similarities between these two stories, before reaching its own conclusion. SUMMARY OF ‘THE TELL-TALE HEART’ ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ deals with a theme like ‘an ill mind can stretch itself to any degree under provocative conditions. ‘ Here the central character is a nameless person, who is actually a madman and full of strange behavior. He does not like his master because of dully eyes and that is why he wants to kill his master! Poe has written this story in first person, and that kind of storytelling raised more tension in the story, besides showing how the strange chemistry of human mind influences a person to kill someone, and then to confess about it. In the story, the dull expression of the eyes of his old master irritates the person and that irritation finally turns into a desire to murder the master. So the servant keeps on recharging his desire by visiting his master’s room at the dead of night for several days and then finally kills the old man. All the while readers come to know about his strange mental condition through his confessions about hearing strange sounds or his frequent references on ‘madness’. That ‘madness’ carries the story till the end, when he kills and even cuts off the body parts of his master and hides them before revealing about everything to policemen. SUMMARY OF ‘A VENDETTA’ The theme of this story can be anything that speaks about ‘how the intensity of human desire paves its way towards fulfillment’. Presented in third person narrative, this story shows that how with dedication, determination and application one can achieve an apparently impossible mission even under critical circumstance. The central character of the story, an old widow, finds her son Antoine Saverini murdered by a man named Nicolas Ravolati, who leaves the place at once. The widow gets shocked, as she is now left alone with only a dog as her companion, save the black future. Yet she resolves to avenge the murder of her son and constantly ponders on that idea, in spite of the fact that she is weak, and has none to support her in her mission. However, it’s her deep desire to fulfill the mission that aids to her vision, where she finds an option like training the dog to kill. Once decided, she finds a novel way to train the dog, where she uses a dummy and an age-old idea of providing incentive to the animal after successful completion of the ‘murder rehearsal’. This goes on for quite a few days before she gets convinced that the dog is ready to do the job, and then she goes out to find Nicolas Ravolati and finally meets him in the backyard of his new home. It is there she unleashes the dog to kill Ravolati and thus fulfills her mission of avenging her son’s murder. THREE QUALITIES OF ‘THE TELL-TALE HEART’ First person narrative Edgar Allan Poe has used first person narrative in Tell-Tale, which suits the story in many ways. Firstly, it has helped the writer to show the strange mental condition of the murderer through his own words. Secondly, it has helped him to use clinical clues easily. The symptoms of madness in the man have been placed right from the paragraph (elements are identified in italics), which creates the background of the story. â€Å"TRUE! – NERVOUS– very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am! But why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses – not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. how, then, am I mad? † Everyone knows that someone mentally ill often feels nervous and complains about strange things. Poe shows that to the readers through words and actions of the main character, where he openly admits about his nervousness or ‘hearing more than others’. Such victims of mental illness turn violent too – which we observe later, when he attacks and kills his master. At the end of the story, Poe makes the man complaint again about the strange crisis within him – â€Å"I could bear those hypocritical no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! —and now–again–hark! louder! louder! louder! † Effect of Madness This story tells its readers about how strange, painful and unpredictable a madman’s life can be. It is always difficult to use madness as a main issue in a short story, but a master storyteller like Poe has mixed it in such a way that readers are bound to be sympathetic to the murderer in the end. All over the story Poe produces enough of dialogues and actions to convince the readers about the helpless condition of the murderer (clinical clues placed in italics). â€Å"I heard a slight groan, and I knew it was the groan of mortal terror. It was not a groan of pain or grief—oh no! – it was the low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe. I knew the sound well. Many a night, just at midnight, when all the world slept, it has welled up from my own bosom, deepening, with its dreadful echo, the terrors that distracted me†. It is that sad tune of madness that rings on all throughout the story and touches the heart of the readers. Bizarre Motive The motive of murder is bizarre, which clearly shows the unfortunate mental state of the murderer, who even admits that right at the beginning of the story. â€Å"It is impossible to tell how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night†. Or â€Å"I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture—a pale blue eye, with a film over it†. These lines clearly show the uncertainty in the man, and also indicate the motive is bizarre. On the other hand, this bizarre motive is significant to know more about how mental illness works in a person; and from that angle, it has to be a conscious creation of Poe. THREE QUALITIES OF ‘A VENDETTA’ Third Person Narrative Maupassant has used third person narrative to tell this story. Third person narrative always has the scope to cover a big picture, and Maupassant’s genius has utilized that possibility to a great level. The details of the surroundings of the town Bonifacio, the place where the widow lived with her son – all influence the readers to identify the helplessness of a lonely widow who desperately wants to be at peace by killing her son’s murderer. Just two lines from the story can serve as an example. â€Å"The widow Saverini’s house held for dear life to the very edge of the cliff; its three windows looked out over this wild and desolate scene†. It is as if, Maupassant says to the reader – â€Å"Look at this poor, lonely lady, who is living on the edge by all means, yet she is out to win justice.. † Clear Motive Behind the Murder The widow’s motive is clear and concise, that she is out to avenge the murder of her son – in other words, to find peace by accomplishing her mission. This is why the widow is calm and devoted to the task cut out before her. â€Å"For three months she trained the dog to this struggle, the conquest of a meal by fangs†. This statement proves the fact that she is seeing it as a mission, of which murder is just a part to complete the circle. This determined approach of the widow heightens the tension of the story, while winning sympathy for her. Maupassant Used Interesting Old Tricks Using ‘incentives’ in the training of animals is an age-old practice among circus trainers or the farm-keepers. Maupassant successfully used that idea in the story to provide the much-needed solution for the widow. â€Å"One night, as Semillante was beginning to moan again, the mother had a sudden idea, an idea quite natural to a vindictive and ferocious savage†. And â€Å"She had taught the dog to rend and devour it without hiding food in its throat. Afterwards she would reward the dog with the gift of the black pudding she had cooked for her†. And â€Å"As soon as she saw the man, Semillante would tremble, then turn her eyes towards her mistress, who would cry â€Å"Off! † in a whistling tone, raising her finger†. It is this novel idea that takes this story to a new level from where it takes off towards the climax. This ‘incentive’ technique in fact proves to be the backbone of the story, because without it, the widow could not have fulfilled her mission with the help of a dog. SIMILARITIES From a readers’ point of view the similarities between these two stories can be placed in the order like below: Application of Interesting ideas Both Poe and Maupassant have chosen interesting ideas to build their story – and this treatment may be considered as a similarity. Though their ideas are far from close to each other (madness and ‘incentive’ technique), yet they serve the same purpose for their respective stories – they add dimensions to the readers’ interest. There is another such similarity – that is about the murder methods – while one uses a dog, other opts for a bed. Ability to sustain readers’ interest The flow of events in both the stories is well planned and they hold readers’ interest till the end – between which the detailing involves the reader with the event. In Tell-Tale, the monologues invite the readers to realize the helplessness of a person who fails to decide on what to do with his aimless mind, while Vendetta inspires the readers with its detailed account of the determination of an old widow. Same Structure Structurally both the stories are similar, though category wise Vendetta is somewhat closer to ‘twist’ category and Tell-Tale belongs to ‘tale’ category. Yet, the stories are well plotted, where Poe wants to show the negative effect of brain and Maupassant wants to show positive power of brain. Both the stories have fewer characters and have background elements working in their favour (madness and determination). CONCLUSION Though both the stories produce similar emotion at times, they are written almost from an opposite angle, where Tell-Tale is a story of an unfortunate madman and Vendetta is a declaration on the power of human mind. From this angle, these two stories are just the opposite, as Poe shows us, almost like a doctor, how helpless humans are, when their brains malfunction, while Maupassant tells what a human can achieve with brain-power even under difficult conditions. However, good stories tend to be puzzling, and that allows anyone to consider these two stories as two sides of the same coin on the ground that both deal with the power of mind, be it ill or good. Ends

Introductory Awareness of Autistic Spectrum Conditions Essay

Complete write up re Autistic spectrum conditions. Include in this the difficulties that those with these conditions have and the behaviour they may exhibit. How do you support those with Autism, who else may be involved and how do you ensure effective communication with autistic people. Give actual exampls of your support where possible. Introductory awareness of autistic spectrum conditions. Autism is a developmental disability caused by neurological dysfunction. It affects the way a person understands and responds to the world, how they hear, see, feel, sense, perceive and interpret everything around them. This may affect how they eat, sleep, dress, work, spend leisure time etc. They are likely to have repetitive behaviour patterns and restricted repetitive interests. Individuals with an autistic spectrum condition can have difficulties with language and communicating with others and with social interactions and relationships because there is an impairment of 2 way verbal and non verbal communication and impairment of flexible thinking and social imagination. People with autism can often have accompanying learning difficulties but everyone with the condition shares a difficulty in making sense of the world. Inflexibility and restrictiveness in activities and interests can lead to a person on the autistic spectrum having difficulty relating to others and making friends, an inability to engage in imaginary play, it can lead to ritualistic behaviours , obsessions and fears. It is important to identify the person’s strengths and weaknesses, to use their strengths and interest and use positive approaches. It may be helpful to use social stories to facilitate social skills and to be structured, consistent and calm. It is important to recognise that each individual on the autistic spectrum has their own individual abilities, needs, strengths, preferences and interests so that a person centered shared means of communication can be identified. Autism is considered to be a spectrum because individuals differ in the expression and severity of their symptoms although underlying similarities are present such as concrete thinking, difficulty generalising, excessive anxiety and strong impluses and maybe difficulty with motor planning, organisation and sequencing. There is  generally some impairment of social interaction and of imagination. People on the Autistic spectrum can differ hugely in their abilities from being exceptionally intelligent, far above t he norm to having severely impaired intellect, this is why it is called a spectrum. Other conditions which may be association with ASD are Asperger’s Syndrome and Learning Difficulties. Many individuals with an autistic spectrum condition experience sensory difficulties so they may have a heightened sensory awareness so are not able to function in the same way as someone without the condition. Sensory overload is a common complaint of people with ASD and can lead to an inability to function if the noise is too loud or the light is too bright etc. Behavioural characteristics associated with autistic spectrum conditions are inappropriate eye contact, repetitive movement, stiffened motor control and literal interpretation. Individuals may exhibit such behaviours because they feel ‘safe’ when carrying out the repetitive movement and have a lack of social awareness so make inappropriate eye contact and may be very stiff in themselves because they lack a means of expressing themselves comfortably. They may also become highly stressed if routine is disrupted or sense are overloaded. If an individual is highly anxious or stressed it would be good to be able to find the stressor such as the noise being too loud or the light too bright and turn it off, it can help communication to mirror the person’s behaviour so if they are rocking, to do the same as a way of entering into communication with them, this can reduce their stress. Knowing the individual is the best way, using a person centered approach so that the response to calming them down is individual to their needs, I work with people with autism and after a while have noticed their triggers and how to calm them down such as taking them out for a walk and making sure that they have space to be on their own. Sometimes it is difficult to find a trigger for a display of anxiety and communication difficulties mean that the person is unable to say what is upsetting them so it is really important to notice what is going on ar ound and what may have changed in the environment that has upset them. It is also important to have in place structures and routines that match the individual’s wishes and needs as routine is highly important for most people with ASD, they need structure and to know what is happening next. It prevents anxiety and stress. The support network for an individual with ASD includes informal  support such as family and friends and the formal support network including carers, psychologists, ASD specialist, Advocates and Speech and Language therapists. It is important to involve families, parents and carers in supporting the individual in a person-centered way because everybody has different needs, wishes and abilities and just because someone is labelled as being on the autistic spectrum the support they require will differ immensely. Support should be consistent with routines adhered to and person-centered approach being taken. This can be achieved through asking myself continuously, what does this person need and want and how best can I support them to be well and happy. Using this approach and communicating with others about what the person’s stressors are and what they need helps to give the best support possible to the person. In order to contribute towards the learning of an individual with an autistic spectrum condition it is important to let them experience new things but try to avoid stressors as much as possible. Communication is a big part of learning and it helps when I use short direct sentences, simplify the task/ routine and break it down into small steps, talk quietly and calmly being aware of how I use my voice, give clear instructions saying exactly what is required and avoiding overload. It is important to try to gain the person’s attention first. It is important to be aware of the impact of my own verbal and non-verbal communication on an individual with an autistic spectrum condition because they may respond anxiously to certain things such as a loud voice or too much eye contact or standing too close so it is importa nt to notice what is going on both verbally and non verbally. The environment can affect communication for example if there is a lot of noise in the room the person may not be able to filter out that noise so it will be impossible to expect to get their attention or if they cannot concentrate because the light is too bright but they cannot say so. So it is important to try to identify these things in the environment to aid communication. In order to reduce barriers to communication with an individual it is important to notice anything with may be a stressor and to use a person-centered approach that is unique to that individual, it is important to make the person feel as safe and comfortable as possible so communication can be as good as possible. If the person cannot speak shared communication such as imitation or doing something with the person may help as this is a form of  communication too. I worked with an individual with autism and she enjoyed playing the piano and communicated non verbally that she wanted me to play the piano with her. Communicating through a shared interest can be very rewarding for both people. Visual communication aids are also important, they can be used to show the person’s daily routine and can be used by the individual to show whether they like or dislike something and can be used to indicate when an activity if going to change or end. It can relieve a lot of stress to the individual if they know what their routine is and what’s going to happen next. There are many people who could provide advice about effective communication with an individual and these can be both formal and informal supporters such as family and friends, support workers, speech therapists, psychologists and anyone who knows the individual and can provide insight into their likes, dislikes and the way they prefer to communicate.

All The Saints Into A Short Film

overall length of the short film affects its structure, characterisation, plot and especially story. ‘The longer a short film lasts, the more the audience wants it to be a story. They want it to mean something.’ (Cowgill (2005 :9)). This means that shorter films, up to 5 minutes, are usually a comedy sketch with a punch line, such as in Knob, or a horror with a twist, like Selfie From Hell. The reveal or surprising ending seems to be common in the under 5 minute short, as the film has little time to†¦ All Saints day or Dia de los Santos is celebrated throughout the world and sometimes referred to in North America as the Day of the Dead or Dia de los Muertos. All Saints Day is a Catholic celebration on November 1st that celebrates all saints that have gone to heaven, and is followed by Souls day on November 2nd that celebrates all who has died (Catholic 2015). However, everyone throughout the world celebrates Saints Day and Souls Day differently with their own unique traditions. For instance,†¦ Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film† Joyce Carol Oates is an esteemed short story author with over forty novels, many of which have gone on to become films. Smooth Talk, one of such movies is based off of Oates’s short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† â€Å"Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film† is an essay response by Joyce Carol Oates to her short story and its movie counterpart in her book, (Woman) Writer: Occasions and Opportunities. The essay was published along†¦ The Hero’s Journey in Film: The Boondock Saints The idea of a clear and precise pattern that nearly all heroes follow is not something new. In fact, one of the most famous examples of a hero cycle is the one created by Joseph Campbell. In his world-renowned book, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Campbell sets up and explains how every hero follows the same basic path until he/she winds up back at the beginning and another cycle begins. â€Å"The mythical hero†¦is lured†¦to the threshold of adventure†¦journeys†¦ Animation films have a way of expanding one’s imagination in a way that ordinary films do not. The ability of the animated movies to make us understand and make a connection with a non-existent world is fascinating. Most animated films are created in imaginary environments, and the characters are created, creatures. This factor explains why some of the characters including animals are given human voices. Walt Disney Pictures produces movies that are meant to be enjoyed not only by children and teens†¦ Arguments can be expressed through verbal language, writing compositions, and visual designs. Director Jacob Kornbluth’s film Inequality for All is a visual argument, which allows for a stronger persuasive effect than by just using words alone. The film successfully advocates former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich’s economic idealisms and concerns. Due to the combination of video clips, pictures, and text, Reich is able to effectively communicate the argument that the gap in income inequality is†¦ No Justice for the Short-film Judgment Was Minnie Foster going to quilt it or knot it? When this question arose in the short story A Jury of Her Peers, two women were slowly piecing together Minnie Foster’s murder mystery, and when the dominant male characters overhear the women’s conversation, they merely scoffed and couldn’t seem to understand why the women were worried about ‘trivial things’. Little did they know, it was the ‘trivial things’ that gave clues to figuring out the motive for the†¦ â€Å"So that 's all. You come here, you look and leave?† Her voice was low and trembling, begging him to face her, but he just kept walking forward, â€Å"two years of my life and you just walk away! Face me, Caryll! Say something!† Her voice was a loud scream as she couldn 't contain herself anymore. Tears poured down her face as she turned from the view of the sunset to Caryll, her voice cracked and the tears glistened in the light as she struggled to catch her breath. Both her hands clenched the pendant†¦ Romantic love in Casablanca The film Casablanca is noted to be one of the most romantic films of all time. It inspires many and is held near and dear to our hearts. Casablanca continues to hold that place in history today. The art of romance is hidden amongst the film and shows us what a true classic love story is all about. The film Casablanca was released on November 26th, 1942 in the United States. It set a new benchmark for what we consider to be romance in film making. The romance in Casablanca†¦ The work that I want to propose is a short film. The film takes place in the future. The main character creates a doppelganger of himself by authorise and connect the robot to his cellphone. Through download and search the data that were stored in the digital device or been uploaded to the cloud, the doppelganger is able to conjecture and simulate how the main character communicate and react to others. Then the main character began to rely on the doppelganger and eventually been replaced by it.†¦

An Analytical Response to Billions Over Baghdad Essay

An Analytical Response to Billions Over Baghdad - Essay Example Everyone has waited for the smoke to clear, and viola, the rats–the Coalition Provisional Authority (C.P.A.) that is–have to do some explaining, and if possible some serious accounting. The tone varies from being argumentative and provoking. It has also galvanized someone else’s belief that indeed there is corruption and that the US government â€Å"cares only about ensuring that an accounting does not occur.† The level of discourse is already appropriate to young adults. The only problem it posed is the nature of the issue. Although â€Å"Billions over Baghdad† is good to be read, the issue does not appeal well to the majority of the adolescents except to those interested in listening intrigues. The issue never went to center stage except for some congressional hearings and immediately after the series of hearings it all gone like nothing happened. Another setback is the quantity and quality of details. The authors, however, can’t be faulted in the lack of details because a controversy like this is so secretive that people inside refused to talk. Now the hanging inquiries left by the authors dwell on the certainty of accounting the lost $9 billion out of the $12 billion shipped from Federal Reserve to Baghdad and how it vanished so quickly. It also made ourselves ask why the people in Department of Defense and C.P.A. are so unwilling to talk about the unaccounted $9 Billion. The claim of the author is that the people behind the C.P.A. and even the Department of Defense had allowed all the circumstances for the cesspool to propagate. Consequently, the Department of Defense hasn’t shown any determination to resolve the scandal. The secretary of Defense is reluctant to clear the matter and C.P.A. administrator L. Paul Bremer III has also decided to let go of the contractors who profited. All the Department of Defense has done is to shrug it off. The author is correct in pointing out that the situation is indeed odd . With the way how the administration handled the scandal and its jaded effort to put the responsible behind bars, the C.P.A. mess might not be proven under court proceedings. Another claim rightfully pointed out by the author is the existence of widespread corruption. They pointed out that opportunity of corruption exists everywhere from earning kickbacks, having ghost employees and bloating the charge even for daily meals. They also pointed out the widespread mismanagement and the failure to exercise command responsibility. It was very distressing when an army officer representing C.P.A. â€Å"had crossed out the original price and doubled it† after the hospital administrator signed the contract. Another was what Frank Willis has encountered during his stint as a senior adviser to the Iraqi transportation ministry. â€Å"The neat bundles of cash looked almost like play money and the temptation to handle them was irresistible,† Willis said when he returned to his offi ce to find â€Å"piles and piles of shrink-wrapped $100 bills stacked on a table† (vanityfair.com). Good enough that the Billions over Baghdad has included the NorthStar and the Custer Battles in the frame to magnify more the claim that there are corruption and mismanagement. It was a diligent effort by Steele to uncover the shrouded NorthStar; and his effort have made it clear to everyone that the C.P.A. was never sincere in the way it discharged its duties and

Reasoning and Problem Solving Essay on Obesity Problem

Reasoning and Problem Solving on Obesity Problem - Essay Example Preventive / therapeutic interventions and systematic application of knowledge has succeeded in curing most diseases afflicting humanity, unless they are of incurable nature, such as AIDS or malignancy. Economic prosperity in the last few decades of the twentieth century, the resultant sedentary lifestyle which is not in accordance with how nature intended man to lead his life, has given rise to utterly novel diseases which were unheard of in the primitive world. Obesity is one such disease, which has reached serious proportions in recent times in the American society as well as other affluent nations of the world. Obesity cannot be classified in the traditional framework of diseases, as it does not have any infectious or pathological cause, except a few exceptional genetic factors which make certain people more prone to this malady. Generally obesity has been observed in affluent nations, in people irrespective of race or ethnic background. It is more of a lifestyle disease which can be prevented by going back to nature. Obesity is a scourge affecting majority of the people in the US and in other parts of the world where affluence and dietary patterns are congenial for its incidence. United States of America is a nation which has led the world in terms of economic growth, industrialization and application of technology for a better life for its citizens during the major part of the twentieth century. Tremendous growth in the various states and cities of America, improvements in terms of civic amenities and healthcare has resulted in a lifestyle in the majority of the population which is unfortunately, not in tune with nature. In the United States, the last thirty years have churned up increasing number of obese people with 65% of today’s adult population suffering from one or the other obesity related problems (www.cdc.gov). The number of obese children living in the United States has quadrupled over the last fifty years. The latest figures suggest

Recruitment and Staff Selection (Moduel 3 case) Essay

Recruitment and Staff Selection (Moduel 3 case) - Essay Example The method in which the hiring process is conducted and the resulting decision made will have a lasting effect on the hospital. The hospital has a policy which requires all members in the senior management team to engage in ethical practices. They are also required to make effective hiring decisions based on ideal legal and ethical hiring practices. Most of the work in a hospital is funded either directly or indirectly by outside agencies. This aspect makes Mintville Memorial hospital to be generally obliged to comply with outlined regulations regarding hiring and recruitment. All members of the health organization should be fully conversant with federal and state laws on hiring practices. It is the responsibility of the Human Resource to monitor the hiring process and promulgate procedures which will be followed by the supervisor (Calvasina, et.al, 2007). This will ensure the hiring process is fair as the supervisor will be obliged to follow the appropriate process to ensure the right candidate fills the vacant position in the morning shift. The Human Resource supervisor should review the interview and application process to ensure all applications are analyzed and a candidate is chosen based on the analysis. Organizations have outlined appropriate steps which have to be followed in processes of staff hiring. These steps have been developed to provide logical and coordinated sequence of events. The supervisor will be required to follow these steps in the hiring process since choosing her own candidate may cause confusion or legal difficulties for Mintville Memorial Hospital. Employment equity was introduced by the government to ensure all individuals have access to equal opportunities in the work place. Employment equity is consistent with the human rights legislation and it recognizes the value of each individual in the work place. It therefore ensures each individual has genuine and open access to

Martin Luther King Jr. and the Philosophy of Civil Disobedience in Research Paper

Martin Luther King Jr. and the Philosophy of Civil Disobedience in Todays World - Research Paper Example Until his assassination in 1968, Dr. King championed civil rights movements and was dedicated to the course of justice and freedom through nonviolent means. There are many ways in which the oppressed deal with their oppression. According Martin Luther king Jr., there are three basic ways through which the oppressed deal with their oppression. These include acquiescence, physical aggression and hatred and nonviolent opposition (Warner and Hilliard 311). When the oppressed resort to use acquiescence, they basically become submissive and acclimatize to oppression, thus becoming accustomed to the oppression (Warner and Hilliard 311). Not all people are willing to break free from oppression. Some individuals usually prefer to stay under oppression. Such people become used to oppressive situations in a way that they give preference to maintaining their slavery status quo than subject themselves to uncertain freedom. People who chose acquiescence as a means of dealing with their oppression are usually engulfed in their suppression that they simply fail to think beyond their current predicament. In such a situation, the oppressed adopts the system of the oppressor and is as wicked as his master. One current example is the case of Syria where Bashar-al-Assad’s administration is tactically scheming to erode the influence of opposition parties and making multitude of Syrians to absolutely depend on the government support and continue living under oppression by the Syrian government. Just like Martin Luther King Jr. acknowledged, no oppressor will ever grow a rational emotion and award his slaves their much desired freedom. As such, this approach is quite immoral and futile way of dealing with oppression. Physical aggression and sheer hatred is the second way through which the oppressed may prefer in dealing with their oppression (Warner and Hilliard 312). Like Martin Luther King Jr. argues, the oppressor is never in a position to grant freedom voluntarily and the o ppressed must demand for it. Violent confrontation of oppressive regime has been used by many nations to win their freedom. For example, in 2011, the rebels in Libya resorted to capture and assassinate Muammar Gaddafi over claims of long time oppression of the Libyan people. Great masses rejoiced from his death because they perceived the execution of Gaddafi as the onset of their freedom. However, violence is not the best way of attaining freedom. It never brings eternal peace, offers no solution to social problems, but only pile many more challenges to the society. Lastly, the oppressed can resort to nonviolent approach to end their repression and achieve their desired freedom (Corlett 32). This approach reconciles acquiescence and physical aggression approaches to obtaining freedom. Nonviolent opposition seeks to find a balance point between the oppressor and the oppressed by eliminating the vices that characterize the current situation and creating friendship between the two (Lon g 104). It consciously seeks to foster equality among all people. For example, in Lebanon, approximately one-quarter of the country’s population convened in Beirut in 2005 to protest the killing of a famous politician and demanded the termination of the oppressive government led by Syria together with withdrawal of Syrian military. This is the best approach because it tackles the challenges of the oppressed and seeks to make things better for them unlike acquiescence and

Altruism in Society Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Altruism in Society Campaign - Essay Example Man has become selfish along with the developments in the society. Putting first the interest of others above your own ("Altruism," para 1) is an ethical system August Compte, a French philosopher, had proposed ("What is Altruism," para 2). When the society acknowledges the importance of altruism, they will be motivated to develop cooperation rather than conflict. Harmony among nations will be attained and peace will be a reality ("What is Altruism," para 3) In a social campaign against homelessness, one can become an altruist who can be happy when we see others live in a place they can call their home. We are well aware that most of our homeless neighbors are those who were brought up in an environment where people are non-educated - who had given up on their dreams. Their achievement has been to create a boundary within themselves limiting their abilities and skills to achieve more than what they have. Most of the homeless people in the society have created a border between what they thought they can achieve and what they thought they cannot. They have neglected the value of faith and hard work as an instrument towards success. Adapting a homeless family in my own home would be an appropriate strategy for this campaign. This single family can set forth a change among other homeless families after allowing them to live in my house. By welcoming a homeless family in my home may create an impressi

Integrated Strategic Human Resource Management Essay

Integrated Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example ment theories and the softer version of early HR theories revealed that both used the same terminology of integrating with organizational goal and vesting control in the line with the difference in emphasis. Personnel management’s emphasis was on non- managerial workforce whereas HRM theories emphasize the role of managers and the core of workforce. HRM views line managers as business managers maximizing organizational profits and not just people’s managers. HRM also emphasizes the role of senior managers in building and maintaining the organizational culture. The stakeholders identified by the model include are shareholders, management, employee groups, government, community and unions. Various situational factors include work force characteristics, business strategy and conditions, management philosophy, labor market, unions, task technology and laws and societal values. These two factors together determine the HRM policy choices for the organization. This HRM policy will determine the level of employee involvement, human resource flows, reward systems and work systems. The resultant HR outcome will be reflected in employee commitment and competence, congruence and overall HR cost effectiveness in the organization as well as individual and societal well being (Taylor et al. 2008). Some of the major advantages of this holistic model are (Armstrong, 2006) It identifies and incorporates a wide range of stakeholders and their interests in the model. It recognizes the explicit and implicit tradeoffs between interests of various stakeholders. It recognizes the importance and role of human capital in the form of employee influence as an influencing factor and hence questions the supervisory style of work organizations. It recognizes a broad range of contextual... The researcher of this essay aims at identifying how much this integration of human resource management is being successful by critically analyzing the three models namely Michigan, Harvard and Choice model. With growing pressure global competition along with the increasing number of educated employees who demanded more involvement in the organization, the need for the development of a human resource framework was felt. Scholars at Harvard business school responded by providing a broad casual mapping of the determinants and consequences of human resource management (HRM) policies. According to this model effective HRM revolves around the concept of balancing the interests of the various influence groups and the ever changing situational factors. This model is considered dynamic because the situational factors and influence groups keep on changing. Michigan Model catered the problem of humanistic approach, which the soft model of Harvard was accused of with a harder approach treating human resource in the same way as other resources of business. This model has quantitative approach that implies that human capital should be obtained as cheaply and simply as possible. Warwick model was developed by Warwick University. This model further propagated the transition of people management to human resource management with its emphasis on environmental factors and business strategy. In conclusion, the researcher states that these concepts of strategic HRM still needs further improvement.

Ethical And Moral Dilemma Case Studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethical And Moral Dilemma Studies - Case Study Example She is also obligated to honor the orders from her seniors and hence the conflict of interest. By letting go of the cocaine case, Linda would be acting against morality and the oath of service she took and the distribution of the drug would cause more harm to the society. Failing to heed to the distress call by the dispatcher would imply that she doesn't honor the authority and as such liable for punishment. Besides, her failure to attend to back up the burglary case may imply that her fellow officers would be outdone by the criminals and as such the whole force being on the losing side. Linda also would consider the morality in failing to arrest the drug trafficker on the premise of overcrowding o the jails which would also be unethical. This paper postulates that Linda would assume the call by the dispatcher to concentrate on the drug crime as it is an equal crime as the burglary is. The ethical support o such reasoning would be based on the fact that crime towards humanity is alwa ys unethical. Trafficking harmful substance such as the drug compromises the social well-being of the people who would use it and hence the moral responsibility of the police force to combat the crime. Although burglary is an equal vice, Linda is not ethically justified to leave drug crime to attend to the burglary because as much as burglary needs attention, drug trafficking requires an equal and urgent attention. Linda is therefore in the crisis between choosing to be loyal to the seniors and acting legally as the profession expects of her.

Referee Report for Economics Manuscript Essay Example for Free

Referee Report for Economics Manuscript Essay â€Å"Different Risk-Adjusted Fund Performance Measures: A Comparison† Summary This paper compares various risk-adjusted performance measures for a set of mutual funds. The authors argue that performance measures based on Value-at-Risk (VaR) or Extreme Value Theory (EVT) are more appropriate than other popular performance measures such as the Sharpe ratio (SR), the Treynor index (TI) or Jensen ´s Alpha (JA) . They propose a performance index similar to the SR and the TI based on losses calculated by means of VaR together with EVT. They find that EVT-VaR measures are more appropriate in the presence of non-normal data. Main Comments The topic of the paper is of relevance for financial practitioners as well as academics and it is certainly applicable to the current financial stability context. The paper is also generally wellwritten. However, I have some comments for its improvement. 1. The contribution of the paper is not clearly stated. In the 6th paragraph of the introduction, the authors suggest that their main contribution is the construction of a performance index based on EVT-VAR. However, it is not very clear why the new proposed measure should be better in relation to existing measures as it is now explained. It is true that VaR or EVT should be more reliable measures for extreme events but when looking at formula (13) it is not apparent why this measure should be more reliable than the traditional measures. The denominator has, in fact, an â€Å"extreme return† as opposed to the SR or TI which have strictly second moments, so it is not very straight forward to relate these measures. A better job should be done at explaining the implications of such VaR based measure, how it relates to other measures and why it should be better. 2. Why have the measures been compared only in a â€Å"static† way? It is widely known in the finance literature that asset return volatility is time-varying, and to some extent, also expected returns. It would be possible to go around the latter by arguing market efficiency (which is also questionable) but it is certainly much more difficult to argue against time-variability of the standard deviation in the VaR measures (or in the SA and TI ratios). This is very important as the â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† applicability of a particular performance measure could be sample dependent and as it is now with unconditional measures, this is hard to uncover. For instance, while the authors account for nonnormality of returns in the modified-VaR measure by means of a Corner-Fisher quantile, they assume a constant standard deviation which means that in periods of high volatility they could still understate the VaR. So at the minimum, the performance comparisons should be done for the full sample and different sub-samples and it should be tested whether the measures obtained are significantly different over different samples. 3. The authors concentrate on top 10 and bottom 10 funds for their analysis and discarded the other funds â€Å"for the sake of simplicity†. However, by choosing only the â€Å"tail† funds, the authors are giving from the start an advantage to EVT or VaR measures. It would be more appropriate to also report results on (say) 10 â€Å"mid† funds. 4. It is not very clear why the top 10 funds â€Å"show more departures from normality† in relation to bottom funds. This finding should be expanded and the intuition behind it should be better explained. One could argue that â€Å"losers† could be more volatile than â€Å"winners† as the level of uncertainty with respect to the fund might increase which could lead to more extreme returns. In fact, in the 3rd paragraph of the empirical result section it says â€Å"the bottom 10 funds have, in general, higher VaR values than the top ones, which means that they are more susceptible to extreme events† which is somewhat contradictory with the finding that the top 10 funds exhibit more departures from normality. Moreover, one of the main findings of the study is that the VaR and EVT performance measures perform best in relation to other measures when there are more departures from normality in returns. A better attempt to reconcile the findings of nonnormality, the â€Å"winner vs. looser† funds and the results on the performance measures with some previous studies or satisfactory intuition should be done. Other comments 1. The contributions of the paper should be stated earlier in the paper and not almost at the end of the introduction as it is now. The contributions should be clearer (see also point 1 above) and should be better related to the existing relevant literature. 2. The conclusion is too long. The concluding remarks should be much shorter and should only summarize the main findings and reconcile them with the issues raised in the introduction as well as highlight possible extensions for future work. 3. The tables should also be improved. They should have a short description of the contents to facilitate reading. As it is now, the reader has to constantly come back to the main text to find out what the contents mean. 4. The figures are hardly visible, they should also be improved and a short explanation should be given.

It Is Difficult to Remain a Bystander in the Face of Conflict. Discuss. Essay Example for Free

It Is Difficult to Remain a Bystander in the Face of Conflict. Discuss. Essay It is difficult to remain a bystander in the face of conflict. discuss. In any discussion of conflict it is important to consider the many types of conflict that can be experienced and the likelihood of remaining aloof from the ideological, emotional, physical, moral and spiritual dimensions of conflict. Conflict in general can be found in all of human history and in its reflection in art, poetry, literature and in the everyday experience of humanity. Moral dilemmas, property and border disputes, lovers’ spats, sibling rivalry, broken hearts, jealousy, envy and lust for power. The list is long, many people have sought to find a way to remain neutral but are inevitably drawn into conflict compelled by conscience, desire or belief, or are swept up in conflict as just collateral damage. By definition a bystander is a person present at an event or incident but does not take part. Conflict can show its face in many forms. But it’s not the nature of the conflict that can draw people from the sidelines; it can be the situation the person is faced with and completely reliant on the belief they hold and their moral constitution. A common real life example is when you pass a mugging in progress. You’re faced with a dilemma, to either help the stranger and risk physical harm to yourself or leave the stranger to his fate and remain safe yourself. It is not the situation of conflict that pulls onlookers into the fray, but the strength of an individuals will that plays the main role in whether one becomes a martyr for a cause or cowers. Galileo is faced with a similar situation where he is troubled by a spiritual and strong moral conflict where he must choose between science or faith. It was difficult for Galileo to remain a bystander, the inquisitive nature and the constant drive to seek the truth of how the celestial satellites behave given to him by Bertolt Brecht. Brecht used Galileo as a tool to illustrate that a man with passion can find it difficult to remain a bystander in the face of conflict â€Å"unhappy is the land where heroes are needed† Galileo saw himself as that hero, plagued with the task of educating Italy and the world. This task he bestowed upon himself resulted in much dispute between the church’s teachings and Europe. Galileo is also shown as ‘only human’ a man of flesh and bloo d that â€Å"enjoys the pleasures of life† but when faced with the threat of physical torture he quails. He It may be true that a person with passion may be easily stirred to rise to the  challenge of a spiritual or moral debate but conflicts of a physical nature, such as open conflict or a battle between ideological beliefs allows little choice to the surrounding bystanders to remain uninvolved â€Å"sooner or later†¦one must take sides. If one is to remain human† in Vietnam war many people took sides but just as many were ignorant and unwilling to partake in the violence and ideological conflict that was raging throughout South-East Asia. As the red wave of communism swept south-west endangering the old colonial powers. It was as if a hornet’s nest was struck. War pulls people, unwillingly towards it, to feed itself and to grow. The peasants were hit the hardest in the Vietnam war. â€Å"You and your like are trying to make a war with the help of people who just arent interested. They dont want communism. They want enough rice, They dont want to be shot at. They want one day to be much the same as another.† The peasants were used as pawns, seen as cheap human shields and laborers. The communists used villages to hide â€Å"it’s no use†¦After every attack the Vietcong hide their weapon and disguise themselves as farmers† using them for their own protection and gain. Equally the French and the communist used them to harvest the rice fields. ‘For in war, food is more valuable than gold’. For the peasants they had little understanding of the battles that raged around them but their ignorance did not protect them from stray bullets or mortar explosions. The quiet American explores a wide range of conflicts from the physical realm of open conflict to the ideological. Graham Greene through the polar opposite characters of Pile and Fowler illustrates that remaining uninvolved and untouched by these two forms of conflict is impossible. Through the large difference between the two characters we can see that there is no specific type of person that becomes â€Å"engage† when conflict arises but it is human nature to become involved. Fowler with age and experience, made bitter by the world and human nature and proudly unbiased in his views towards the conflict around him and Pile with youth, inexperience and a gentle simplicity of human nature. The stark contrast is a metaphor of how anyone can be drawn into conflict, even without noticing in Fowlers case. Fowler was shocked into action by Piles simple mined motives of the bombing and the simplicity in which he saw it. â€Å"Innocence is a kind of insanity† and Piles insanity caused many to become involved. The matter in which one stays detached from internal conflict such as matters of love is much more complicated. History and literature is ripe with stories of, kingdoms falling, Machiavellian politicians and heroes prevailing in the name of ‘love’. The human race is obsessed with the idea of love, whether it be love for one’s country, for one’s friends or one’s wife or husband. It is difficult to remain aloof from the desire and the calling we all secretly crave. Phuong is an interesting case. She managed to remain relatively independent from the two men who were fighting for her hand. This might be due to the cultural differences in the belief of love and duty of a woman, â€Å"she doesn’t love like you or I† compared to the mindset of a western woman. Greene uses Phuong as a metaphor for Vietnam. A silent, fragile thing with Fowler representing the old Colonial powers such as France and England While Pile representing the new age of America. Both fighting for supremacy over her. It may be true that remaining a bys tander when one is confronted with conflict is challenging but it is not the conflict itself that is to blame. It is difficult to remain a bystander in the face of conflict, but not for every situation. Each situation of conflict has a host of factors at play such as the type of conflict as well at the person affronted. Whether it is by choice or involuntarily our world and society is based upon conflict and how we deal with it. It may be safe to remain a bystander when faced with conflict.

Change and operational and Strategic change

Change and operational and Strategic change Referring to the Mount Marion Care Home (MMCH), it can be considered as a small scale institution which is equipped with just a hundred of beds also with relatively small crew of workers. It is clear that the institution is running at a small budget depending on its limited capabilities. Therefore, according to the team leader who was appointed at that day, the allocation of crew members per one floor was just four in order to take care of twenty users. But the cares has demanded for more crew members for the service by stating that the allocation of me the members may not be adequate for the service. Not only that the carers were not agreed with decision of the team leader which allocation of lesser number of pads for the patients. The carers were not given any support and the guidance from the team leader regarding the caring process of incontinent patients under the limited number of crew members at such an emergency situation. Therefore, there was a mixed up between the carers in relation to their health care process and lead to some few issues such as breaking the hip bone and a severe muscle pull on the customers. By analyzing the situation at the MMCH, it is clear that there should be an operational change along with technological change and the strategic change may be required in the health care process in relation to staff members to act in an appropriate way at such an emergency situation. 1.2 Triggers of change Considering the external business environment in relation to the MMCH it may be more dynamic and complex. Therefore it is required to conduct PESTEL analysis in regular basis. By using PESTEL analysis it may be much easier to identify the most of the significant changes in the business environment. Considering the concepts on human resource management and the outsourcing may also triggers the change. Therefore, those concepts together with PESTEL may enable the management to examine those changes and to revise their previous assumptions. 1.2.1 PESTEL analysis on MMCH The decisions of the management of the MMCH may be influenced by the factors of the macro business environment. Those factors may be trade barriers, changes of tax and tariffs and new implementation of laws and acts. Referring to the political factors in relation to PESTEL analysis, it may consist of governments economic policies, subsidiaries and also the business support priority. Such kind of political decisions may generate impacts on health, the level of education of the work force and the other infra structure facilities such as transport. Since the MMCH is considered as a health related business institution, the education level of the crew and the infra structure facilities like transport may be vital. Interest rates, changes of tariffs and taxes, the inflation and the changes in exchange rate can be considered under the economic factors. According to the economists, the behavior of the business can be influenced by a greater degree by the economic change. For an example, the increased interest rates may discourage the investors. Similarly, the inflation may cause the rise of the demands of workers for more salaries and wage. In contrast, the increased national income may result in the increased demand for the services of the business firms such as MMCH. The demand for the health service of MMCH and the willingness to work of the employees may be influence by the social factors. For an example, if it is an aging population there will be an increased demand for the health services and medicines rather than the other services. Considering the technological factors, it may consist of the products which have been made as a result of the technological development. In relation to the health services the OMR scanning technology and electro cardio gram (ECG) can be considered as examples. The critical thing is that, the technology may have the potential to reduce costs with improved quality of services which can be lead to an innovation. Therefore, with the advancements of the technology MMCH may have the potential to treat their customers with improved service at a lower price. Changes of the weather and climate can be considered under environmental factors. Those factors may have the capability of generating impacts on peoples health. For an example increased global temperature may result in the increased susceptibility to out breaks by insects such as Dengue. Such kind of changes may affect on the pattern of demand and the business opportunities of the health institutions such as MMCH. Legal factors consist of the factors which are related to the legal environment of a business where it operates. For an example, increased minimum wage limit of the workers may affect the current action of the firms. Referring to the firms such as MMCH which is based on health services it is required to develop new systems and procedure at such a situation. 1.2.2 Out sourcing and the human resource management Out sourcing is known as the involvement of the external service provider in the means of contract basis for a business function (Overby, 2007). Out sourcing process is being used in the most of the firms in order to obtain various benefits such as saving of the production cost, cost restructuring, and improve the capacity for innovation and expertisation of operations etc. therefore, referring to the MMCH outsourcing the labour force may be a good option since the firm is running out of small budget. Human resource management can be considered as the management of the firms employees as a resource. It consists of four major components such as administration of personnel, organization management, managing the labor force and the managing the industry. HRM strategy possesses that the way of implementing the function of human resource management on a business. In common, HRM strategy consist of thee major components such as close cooperation, best practice and the continuous monitoring. Though the implementation of HRM strategy is not compulsory, when considering the issues regarding the management of MMCH it may be required for the smooth operation of MMCH in the business environment. 1.3 Operational and strategic change The change that would be expected in MMCH would be basically divided in to two phases. Strategic change Operational change Considering the strategic change it can be considered as a field which is influenced by the decisions of the management. It includes the maximum utilization of resources in terms of improving the performance of a business in the business environment. In relation to MMCH, it may focus on the meeting the MMCHs objective and vision in terms of implementing the novel policies and other plans. For an example, implementation of new quality standards for the service of the hospital can be considered. In contrast, the operational change may include the technological advances in relation to the quality and the efficiency of the service. With the globalization, novel techniques are being developing especially in relation to health service. For as example CT scanning technology, radio therapy and other developments can be considered. Therefore, the future change should be include those both phases of changes. L.O 2 Role of the manager and the making models 2.1 Role of the manager at MMCH The role of the manager can be classified under several elements. When the change should be implemented and what would be the purpose and who has to engage in different tasks. Promote discussions and assigning the different tasks, depending the capabilities of members. Produce the time bond for the assigned task. Plan development. Act as a role model To achieve the role of manager the appropriate model making process is important in the business. Therefore, different model making studies should be studied and should use a blend of that models which would be appropriate. 2.2 Studies of Kotler on transformational process John Kotler had studied about the influence of the change of initiatives on failures and the success of a business. Kotler has revealed that in successful cases, the change process occurred in the series of phases during an extensive time-span and he skipping of steps may cause unsatisfactory results at the end (Kotler, 1996). The phases that should be taken place in the process can be divided in to eight phases. Creation of a requirement of urgency Formation of a powerful guiding alliance Vision creation Stating the vision targeting the community Authorize members to take part on the vision Planning process and acquiring short-term success Combine the improvements and maintaining the force for change moving Admitting novel approaches Identification of vulnerability of the business may be the generation of the requirement of the urgency for a business. In relation to MMCH the management and the crew had already identified the vulnerability of the business with that issue occurred. According to Kotler (Kotler, 1996) if at least 75 % of the management has persuaded that business as normal may not be a acceptable plan in the future. Guiding alliance may be started with just few people. But, in long term the team should be expand continuously by adding new members. Referring to the MMCH in this process, the initial group with few people should be well reputed and talented group. Generation of a picture which can reveal the future of a business may be a better strategy in terms of educating firms customers, employees and also the stake holders about their future. It also facilitates the clarification of a business what is the way they should move in the terms of success. According to Kotler (Kotler, 1996), it is require the management to estimate the requirement of the communication of the prepared vision and that effort should be multiplied by ten. The critical thing is to utilization of the every communication channel and the opportunity. Authorizing the other members to take apart on the vision means allow the members to work on innovative ways and create changes by their involvement. Referring to MMCH, the obstacles which may affect on the firm in greater degree should be overcome. Real transformation process may be a long term process. Therefore, urgency level of the people can be decreased during a long period of time. To avoid that, commitments may be required to make short term business successes to keep the urgency level at high level. Since the transformation process would occur over a long time period, new approaches may be undergo weakening. Similarly, pronouncement of success may affect on negatively on momentum. Therefore, the leaders should take efforts to examine the changes in basic cultures to reveal the relationships in order to move the members in as innovative ways. Two major factors may influence with the institutionalization process such as attempting to aware the people on improvement of the new approaches and ensuring the generation of innovative leaders in the future. Kotler states that among the most of the mistakes, those eight may be major ones and the full of surprises may be behind the successful stories (Kotler, 1996). 2.3 Lewins model of organizational change According to the Lewins, the change of an organization is a progression shift of an organization between two static states (Lewins, 1951). The model consists of three major stages such as unfreezing, changing and re freezing. Unfreezing includes generating the appropriate conditions for a transformational change of a business. The members of a business organization may resist the changes in some situations. For an example the disagreement between the team leader and the crew members of MMCH can be illustrated. For beneficial changes that would result in discomfort. Therefore, the challenge of the leaders may move the people from frozen to unfrozen state tactically. The changing stage also can be identified as transition phase. During that stage the members may aware about the importance of implementing innovative ways in their business. But, the problem is they may not have the correct ideas to be implemented. Therefore, the leadership should train, guide and advocate the members about those innovations. The ultimate objective of this stage is to keep the members at unfrozen stage which have been acquired at the first stage. Refreezing stage can be identified as the establishment of the new stable level with comfort for the existing business by guiding the people back to their familiar and safe environment. The ultimate goal of this stage is to achieve a better frozen state. Through this step, the business can be changed in to stable and high productive stage than the earlier time. L.O 3 Resistance of change Reasons for the resist changes and overcoming the resistances If it is an implementation of a novel plan for the business, there would be some resistant can be created in workers. Those resistant may be due to several reasons. Such as, Increased work load for the carers. Issues regarding the salary. Lack of reliability on novel planning process. Novel plan may be implementing in terms of increasing the efficacy and to improve the quality of the service. Therefore, in some situations the overall work load of the carers may be increased. As a result of that, resistant can be generated in the staff. This can be in cooperated with the issues regarding the salary schemes. Lack of the reliability of workers on novel implementation can be considered as another issue. The issues regarding the work load can be managed by assigning the job responsibilities depending on the capabilities of the staff members or managing the number of the workers by adjusting the budget and the other resources. By managing the company budget, the salary issues can be managed. It can be also managed by cutting off the unnecessary expenditures. Through the continuous awareness programs which are organized by the hospital management, the reliability of the workers on the novel plan implementation can be improved. When considering the novel planning implementation it is critical to overcome the resistance by the staff members to make the implementation process in to success. L.O 4 Impacts of change 4.1 Impact of MMCHs organizational culture on change The attitudes, beliefs and values, experiences and the psychology of a business which is describing in relation to the management and the organizational studies can be identified as the organizational culture (Charles and Gareth 2001). Cultural change may be a complex process which will be taken place during a long time. The process consist of three major steps such as revealing the believes and core values, discuss the differences between core values, checking the in congruencies in and unintended believes and values and choosing which one to be committed and repetition of the steps. As a result of the change, both positive and negative impacts can be generated on the organizational culture. 4.2 Impact on the stake holder There are several types of stakeholders can be identified in a health service such as MMCH. The possible stake holders would be owners, employees, end Consumers, financial community, suppliers, public organizations and the other interested groups. The changes of the plan of a business may affect on stake holders both positive and negatively. When considering the positive impacts the increased budget for the MMCH may encourage the stake holders to engage in the business process more than earlier. Increased shares of the business to the public may increase the involvement of the public to the business. In contrast, the increased competition between the stake holders may cause to discourage the stake holders in the engagement of the business. L.O 5 Different leadership strategies 5.1 The team work and the management Three basic components can be identified in a team work. Those three may be the environment, leader and the subordinates. The critical thing is the components are independent. The responsibility of the manager is to create an environment where the subordinates may favorable to work. The manager should examine the different unique potentials of the subordinates and where it can be applied effectively. The manager should have the capability of guiding the team towards a common goal. The ultimate output would be the efficiency of work. Referring to the MMCH, the management should make the environment where the crew can work favorably. This may include allowances and other benefits depending on their capability of work, adjusting the budget depending on the demand, recruiting the new members as per the requirement and monitoring the quality standards of in relation to equipments and services of MMCH. The management should also identify the potentials of the different individual workers. By using that, they can admit the most suitable crew member to meet they expected under the each section of the hospital. 5.2 Strengths and weaknesses of leadership strategies Leadership for an organization can create both positive and negative results (Michael, 2010). Referring to the positive results, leadership has the capability to show support and assurance in relation to the attempt of the members. It also prevents the team from time wastage regarding the pre determined recommendations. Leadership may have the capability of providing the underlying theory and the historical background regarding a decision. It also examines and understands the direct issues of the team and the reasons for raising such kind of issues. Considering the negative results, in some situations leadership may restrain the creativity and the discussions of members of an organization by dominating with the ideas by neglecting the other options by the members. Similarly, leadership may obstruct the team from possessing the credit and the possession of the success. 5.3 Recommendations within the context of MMCH Referring to the context of MMCH, recommendations can be presented for smooth operation of the firm in the health care service. Depending on the issues which have occurred regarding the crew members the one of the recommendation is to the number of the staff members by recruiting new members. Considering the budget which is currently allocated for MMCH it should be increased up to adequate level. Depending on that budget, the management can decide whether the new staff members to be recruited at contract basis or permanent basis or outsource basis. The improvement of the intra and inter personnel communication between the staff members can be considered as another critical suggestion. Because, its clear that issues were occurred due to the lack of communication skills and technological skills. To achieve that improved skills, training programs can be arranged and the modern technology can be in cooperated with those programs. The whole team should be focussed on treating their customers with a service achiving high quality of statdards. For that, the self evaluation programs can be conducted continulously. Separate sipervising panel can be selected and appointed among the hospital management to go through the feed back and the complains from the public. Unnoticed visits can be arranged with in the premises to make sure that the workers are stick to that quality standards. 5.4 Conclusion MMCH is a business which is mainly focused on the health of their customers. Since, focusing the health the customers should be treated with a high quality service with a high efficiency. PESTEL analysis, concepts of human resource management and also the out sourcing of the staff members may trigger the situational change. Considering the business as a transformational process, following the studies of Kotler may lead the transformational process to become a well organized one. Similarly, Lewins model of organizational change may lead to the generation of successful model in relation to the transformational process. Finally, the purposed suggestions for the survival in the business environment should be accompanied by the effective leadership strategies supported by the hospital staff as a team.

The Enforcement of International Law Essay -- United Nations Legal Jus

Members of The United Nations have a duty â€Å"to maintain international peace†¦in conformity with the principles of justice and international law.†[1] China, a core member of the United Nations since its formation in 1945, fails to comply with international human rights’ norms set forth by The United Nations Charter. This failure is noticeably prevalent in the practices of the Chinese Legal System. Its judicial proceedings in handling peaceful, political dissenters fail to provide the minimum protection of human rights guaranteed to all through international law. By examining accounts of Tibetans detained for such peaceful protests, this paper will set out to highlight the discrepancies between Chinese enforcement of international law in theory and in practice. Before this paper goes any further, the notion of international law must be explained. Providing a better understanding of international law will make easier the task of highlighting Chi na’s struggles with enforcing such standards. â€Å"On November 21, 1947, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution 174 (II), establishing the International Law Commission and approving its statute.†[2] The International Law Commission encourages the development of international law and its codification. The Commission deals primarily with public international law, but also hears private cases as well.[3] International law is applied within an international community, such as the United Nations, and functions to define the proper norms or standards for members to abide by in a collective manner. Examples of such standards could be a ruling on The Universal Declaration of Human Rights or on threats to peace within the International Community. ... ...30†¦> (23 Feb 2003). (21)Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"The New York Times† From a Chinese Cell, a Lama’s influence Remains Undimmed. 23 Feb 2003. www.nytimes.com (28 March 2003) (23) â€Å"Amnesty International† People’s Republic of China: Amnesty International condemns execution of Tibetan, following unfair trial. 27 Jan 2003. (23 Feb 2003). (27) Canada Tibet Committee. â€Å"World Tibet Network News.† 1 Jan 2003. www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/2003/1/1_3.html (6 March 2003). (28-32) HRIC. â€Å"HIRC† April 2000. Impunity for Torturers Continues Despite Changes in the Law: Report on Implementation of the Convention Against Torture in the People’s Republic of China. (6 April 2003). (33) People’s Supreme Court. Chinese Criminal Procedure Law. 29 June 1999. The Enforcement of International Law Essay -- United Nations Legal Jus Members of The United Nations have a duty â€Å"to maintain international peace†¦in conformity with the principles of justice and international law.†[1] China, a core member of the United Nations since its formation in 1945, fails to comply with international human rights’ norms set forth by The United Nations Charter. This failure is noticeably prevalent in the practices of the Chinese Legal System. Its judicial proceedings in handling peaceful, political dissenters fail to provide the minimum protection of human rights guaranteed to all through international law. By examining accounts of Tibetans detained for such peaceful protests, this paper will set out to highlight the discrepancies between Chinese enforcement of international law in theory and in practice. Before this paper goes any further, the notion of international law must be explained. Providing a better understanding of international law will make easier the task of highlighting Chi na’s struggles with enforcing such standards. â€Å"On November 21, 1947, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolution 174 (II), establishing the International Law Commission and approving its statute.†[2] The International Law Commission encourages the development of international law and its codification. The Commission deals primarily with public international law, but also hears private cases as well.[3] International law is applied within an international community, such as the United Nations, and functions to define the proper norms or standards for members to abide by in a collective manner. Examples of such standards could be a ruling on The Universal Declaration of Human Rights or on threats to peace within the International Community. ... ...30†¦> (23 Feb 2003). (21)Eckholm, Erik. â€Å"The New York Times† From a Chinese Cell, a Lama’s influence Remains Undimmed. 23 Feb 2003. www.nytimes.com (28 March 2003) (23) â€Å"Amnesty International† People’s Republic of China: Amnesty International condemns execution of Tibetan, following unfair trial. 27 Jan 2003. (23 Feb 2003). (27) Canada Tibet Committee. â€Å"World Tibet Network News.† 1 Jan 2003. www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/2003/1/1_3.html (6 March 2003). (28-32) HRIC. â€Å"HIRC† April 2000. Impunity for Torturers Continues Despite Changes in the Law: Report on Implementation of the Convention Against Torture in the People’s Republic of China. (6 April 2003). (33) People’s Supreme Court. Chinese Criminal Procedure Law. 29 June 1999.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Essay -- Inter

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers [ICANN] is a nonprofit corporation formed in 1998 to take over the operations of the Internet from the United States government. The main duty of ICANN is to manage and control the domain name system [DNS] which is the main basis for the Internet. ICANN is also responsible for the technical operations of the Internet, the creation of innovative ideas for the Internet and also provides stability for the operations of the Internet. The governance and control of the Internet by ICANN has been a controversial issue mainly because of the United States' influence on ICANN and the way it influences the decisions made by ICANN. An example of this is the decision made by ICANN on the .xxx domain name. This decision is believed to be highly influenced by the United States government. The question now is, â€Å"Should ICANN continue to govern and control the Internet?†. In this essay, I am going to go through what the popular pre ss articles which include newspaper articles and magazine articles say about this question. Also, I am going to talk about the point of view of scholarly articles which include university press journals and books about this question. Byron Holland, the President and CEO of the Canadian Internet Registration Authority who wrote a popular press article in the Globe and Mail newspaper, believes the Internet should be left the way it is at the moment. ICANN is doing a good job compared to what any other country or organization would be able to do if they were to take over the affairs of the Internet (Holland, par. 8). He believes that the Internet is better off free and accessible to allow innovations and creativity to take place (Holland, par. 11). T... ...sight - The Globe and Mail."  Home - The Globe and Mail. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. . "EU Admits ICANN Is Doing Fine, But Wants Change Anyway."  Os News is Exploring the Future of Computing. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2012. . " FCC Commissioner: Ending ICANN Could Lead to "an Engineering Morass"."  ReadWriteWeb - Web Apps, Web Technology Trends, Social Networking and Social Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2012. . "What ICANN is doing wrong - Stephane Van Gelder." Stephane Van Gelder . N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2012.

Alfred Hitchcocks Ability to Scare :: Alfred Hitchcocks Film Analysis

Throughout the years, many directors have been making movies that seem to "scare the hell out of people". From thrilling to just suspenseful scenes, Alfred Hitchcock explores different techniques to ensure that he captures the audience's attention. The characters in Hitchcock's films play a very important role in creating the tensions and twists, causing that heart stopping moment where you just want to yell at the TV. He uses the characters like strategically placed chess pieces, knowing exactly when to make his move. Alfred Hitchcock was a very scared person in life, which ironically led him to be one of the greatest directors for thrillers and perhaps horrors. ?I?m not against the police, I?m just afraid of them? is a quote from Hitchcock that leads you to believe the characters in the movies he directed, were what he would be afraid of in real life. Alfred Hitchcock expresses his fear of the police in Psycho when a police officer finds Marion Crane sleeping in her car. The officer looks extremely intimidating and you start to think that maybe he is the psycho. This thought is soon juxtaposed when Marion is at the car yard and the same police officer who had spoken to her earlier, stops his car across the road, gets out and just stands there watching her. We later find out that he is not the psycho and Marion finds herself sheltered by the lonely and secluded Bates Hotel. Here we are introduced to Norman Bates, a shy, nervous but very friendly young man. You would never guess, and end up shocked when you realise that he is the psycho. The sounds and camera angles of this film are the key to the feeling of suspense. The sounds of the violin make up most of the soundtrack for Psycho. Although the soundtrack is very repetitive and slightly annoying, it gives you a sense of anticipation when it played throughout the movie. The screeching violins are always played when you least expect them to, catching you off guard. As said by Alfred Hitchcock, ?There is no terror in the bang, only the anticipation of it.? The camera angles also play an important role in this movie. When Lila, Marion?s sister, goes to find Mrs Bates and talk to her, it seems to take Lila forever just to reach the house, with the camera switching back and forth from her face, then to the door.

Literacies for Learning Essay

The necessity for educational institutions to equip students with the skills to cope in a rapidly changing, culturally diverse and globalised 21st century society, has led academics, such as the New London Group, to encourage educators to acknowledge the various literacy forms utilised in the new millennium (The New London Group, 1996) and to adopt a pedagogy of multiliteracies. This essay will explore the components of a pedagogy of multiliteracies and identify the transformations needed for the successful implementation of multiliteracies into educational practice. Likewise, the notion of language as a social practice which influences teaching content and assessment practices in secondary education will be examined, as will the use of multiliteracies in the teaching of the Mathematics curriculum. To understand the role of multiliteracies in pedagogy theory development, it is important to define the term literacy. Literacy is an evolving term that refers to an individualâ₠¬â„¢s ability to construct and comprehend meaning via the accepted symbol systems of one’s country or language group (Winch, Johnston, March, Ljungdahl, Holliday, 2010). These symbol systems include written and spoken language and visual information such as icons and other graphical information. While literacy was traditionally viewed as a cognitive process with a focus on reading, writing and numeracy identification, in recent years its definition has become broadened to encompass the burgeoning text types being generated via multimedia and information technology (Winch et al., 2010). These electronic text types have quickly established themselves as integral components of a diverse range of 21st century vocations and social interactions (Tan, 2006).  A pedagogy of multiliteracies encompasses multimedia and digital text forms as well as traditional written and spoken texts. Likewise, the central role of literacy in a diverse range of knowledge domains and vocations has resulted in educators being encouraged to view literacy as a vital skill underpinning successful teaching and learning in all curriculum areas. The New London Group (1996) viewed the role of design as an ever changing paradigm of three stage teaching and learning processes. The first step, ‘Available Designs’ is determining what resources are available. These resources include texts, symbols, audio and visual resources. The second step is ‘Designing’ which takes these ‘Available Designs’ and places them within a social context, such as the classroom or learning environment, and is facilitated by an individual such as a teacher. This step creates an output with new meaning for both the learning environment and facilitator. This knowledge or new meaning is known as ‘Redesign’ (The New London Group, 1996). Literacy is a social practice that is not just taught in secondary schools, it is something which is part of each individual’s everyday life. According to Anstey & Bull (2000), the way in which an individual may read the world will be strongly linked to the contexts of their own life. The NSW Department of Education and Training (2006) maintains that literacy is a skill that continues to grow and develop and is fundamental to students’ success at school as well as for the rest of their life. For literacy to be successful in schools, it is planned in collaboration with parents and teachers. This collaborative approach reinforces that literacy is inherently a social practice. This approach must include a range of social influences and practices, in order to increase student’s knowledge and skill in the real world for real purposes (NSW Department of Education and Training, 2006). As literacy development is undoubtedly a whole school and community approach, it is essential that a multiliteracies pedagogy, be utilised in the teaching of all curriculum areas. The impact of societal and cultural change is clearly reflected in the mathematics curriculum through the use of digital technologies such as graphical programs and spreadsheets. This use of technology provides numerous opportunities for the teaching of multiliteracies. Through explicit teaching and learning  experiences of digital texts, students are provided with the skills to successfully navigate and comprehend information communicated digitally. These skills can be acquired through students being provided with opportunities to access information via Internet websites. Likewise, students can use information technology to construct their own texts, thus allowing them to communicate their understanding of concepts to others. This may be achieved by encouraging students to construct texts through the use of software programs such as Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Visio, both of which allow students to communicate information graphically. These digital mediums allow students to acquire skills which will assist them in acquiring real world skills which they can utilise to gain and construct meaning, both in and out of the classroom. (Winch et al., 2010). Technology is an essential part of the transformations taking place in the social, political, cultural and economic spheres of contemporary society (Groundwater- Smith, Brennan, McFadden, Mitchell and Munns, 2009). Secondary school teachers need to prepare students with the skills necessary for life in a rapidly changing, technological world. In order to equip students with these skills, teachers must possess deep knowledge of relevant technologies (Treadwell, 2008). The Mathematics curriculum includes teaching of: statistics, probability, algebra, financial concepts, economics, technology, measurement and trigonometry. These strands include skills applicable to an individual’s school/work life, social life and personal life. Mathematics content areas, focus on aspects of society, reform, technology and life skills. It is important for teachers to link the social practice of literacy with the factors of a pedagogy of multiliteracies to create the best teaching environment they can (The New London Group, 1996). Walsh (2006) cites an example of successfully teaching his students literacy practices, through social relationships. Students worked in groups and were able to demonstrate specific social language structures. They were able to â€Å"enact, recognise and negotiate† in a social environment (The New London Group, 1996, p. 3) by design and re-design of Internet web pages. The created web pages were diverse, with each student using their own discourse to create what they believed the web page should contain. Prior to using multi-modal and digital literacy mediums in their teaching, it is essential that teachers be aware of cognitive and language factors in learning. The  ability to use multimodal learning, digital literacies and genres specific to each curriculum area must be carefully planned by the teacher. According to Winch et al., (2010) a multiliteracy pedagogy involves developing the ability to use language purposefully and skillfully in a range of social settings, rather than learning isolated segments of knowledge such as grammar conventions and spelling. Multiliteracy includes the use and creation of multimodal and multimedia texts (Winch et al., 2010). Multiliteracy seeks to address the rapid changes in literacy brought about by globalisation, cultural and social diversity and information technology (Winch et al., 2010). In response to these societal changes, The New London Group (1996), questioned the role of schools and outlined a need for change in literacy teaching due to key changes in three areas of life: working life, public life and personal life (life worlds). Central to these changes, was the need for schools to integrate learning with life experiences that students have both in and out of the classroom. â€Å"As these three major realms of social activity have shifted, so the roles and responsibilities of schools must shift† (The New London Group, 1996, p.18). The New London Group advocated for a change in the way, education was delivered, by enhancing the existing structures and overlaying with a new â€Å"what† and â€Å"how† of literacy teaching (The New London Group, 1996). The ‘how’ of pedagogy comes from a view of how learning is acquired, embedded and utilised. The New London Group (1996) proposed that a pedagogy of multiliteracies is a complex blend of four methods of design. The first is Situated Practice which involves learning by creating meaningful learning experiences that allow students be in an environment where the learning replicates the social use of what is being learnt. It is an environment where risks can be taken and ‘trial and error’ is used to gain mastery of skills or knowledge. It should be used â€Å"†¦developmentally, to guide learners to the experiences and the assistance they need to develop further as members of the community, capable of drawing on, and ultimately contributing to, the full range of it’s resources.† (The New London Group, 1996, p. 33). Situated Practice should be designed to motivate students to want to know, and engage students in their learning in a safe envi ronment. Assessment or evaluation is not considered part of Situated Practice. Overt Instruction is the second method of how a pedagogy of mulitliteracies is  implemented.  This involves teachers guiding and using effective teaching techniques such as scaffolding or explicit instruction to build student’s knowledge and confidence. Examination of the current secondary school’s Mathematics curriculum, (NSW department of Education and Training, 2010) reveals many opportunities for teachers and students to collaborate and engage in dialogue related to mathematical concepts which will guide and provide a scaffold for student learning. For example, the teacher makes links with prior learning, through asking open questions to the group, and uses multi-modal methods such as mathematical symbols, diagrams, charts and pictures to add to the learning. With each progression of new learning in the lesson, the teacher labels a new part of the diagram. Overt Instruction â€Å"†¦.includes centrally the sorts of collaborative efforts between teacher and student wherein the student is both allowed to accomplish a task more complex than they can a ccomplish on their own and they are conscious of the teacher’s representation and interpretation of that task†¦.† (The New London Group (1996, p. 20). Thirdly, Critical Framing focuses on the â€Å"how† of a pedagogy of multiliteracies, through the use and application of real world knowledge. This method is where assessment and evaluation of one’s self understanding can begin in relation to cultural, social, political and historical influences on what has been learned (New London Group, 1996). Teachers are able to encourage students to apply their learning in a practical sense and assess the transfer of student’s knowledge or skill. This knowledge is based on what they have previously learned, and requires students to â€Å"constructively critique it, account for its cultural location; creatively extend and apply it and eventually innovate own† and strengthen their ability to demonstrate what they have learned (The New London Group, 1996, p. 37). A mathematical example of this process is the conversion of degrees to radians. Its real life use is the calculation of the speed of a piece of machin ery. This calculation includes the formula in terms of radians rather than degrees. Finally, Transformed Practice is â€Å"where we try and re-enact a discourse by engaging in it for our real purposes† (The New London Group, 1996, p. 36).  Students need to think and learn outside their own discourse and think about how they can re-create their meaning, linking their own discourses to understand what they have learned. An example of this practice was where students were asked to plan and present a lesson including a Wiki activity and a Prezi (presentation tool) that teaches the concepts from a previous mathematics lesson. In groups, students collaboratively utilised the Internet to research topics, and create: work sheets for others to complete, interactive wiki activities, team tasks, and their own YouTube clips. The lesson included the use and creation of multimodal texts and scaffolding of existing knowledge. Students developed new knowledge through authentic multimodal texts such as image, sound, video and written text (Tan, 2006). Gunning (2002) explores the impact of reading and writing difficulties in a social stance, and highlights that poor instructions given by teachers can contribute to a student’s difficulties. Gunning’s (2002) observations and research serve as a reminder that teachers must be sure to provide the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of multiliteracies, to ensure each student has the opportunity to progress. Teachers need to evaluate their current practice and identify the text types typically used in the Mathematics content areas and consider the social needs and teaching strategies that will develop student’s literacy skills (Goos, Stillman., & Vale, 2007). In a mathematics lesson, students were introduced to the ‘Simpson’s rule’ formula. The lesson’s aim was for students to measure the area beneath a real life object, gain an understanding of what is needed to complete the formula and how the variables are calculated. Students were required to work collaboratively in pairs, discussing various ways in which measurements were taken in order to obtain an accurate result in working out the area of the object. Likewise, students were required to engage in higher order thinking, in order to formulate possible solutions to the dilemma. These experiences provided students with the opportunity to be inclusive in their learning, and consolidate their understanding of key concepts that are relevant to the lesson goals (Prain & Hand, 1999). Teacher observations and questioning during group work, guided the student’s discussions, with the teacher embracing a teaching style where multiliteracies were used. The New London Group (1996) have profoundly impacted on teaching practices, literacy research, policy curriculum and pedagogy (Mills, 2006). Gee (1991) explores  social literacy and the impact of a student’s discourse that are established outside the classroom, from their social group, f amily and cultural ties. Their view of literacy as social practice and their emphasis on incorporating the rapidly increasing number of electronic and multimodal text types in 21st century society into teaching practice represents a clear break away from the single dimensional teaching of literacy. However, for multiliteracies such as digital literacies, multimodal resources and ICT to provide best learning for students, teachers must be prepared to embrace the view that literacy is a social practice and and an essential skill underpinning all curriculum areas. Teachers also need to recognise that each lesson they teach to students provides the opportunity to develop the student’s literacy skills. In order to facilitate this change in pedagogical ideology, teachers must be prepared to evaluate their current teaching practice and adopt a more holistic approach to developing literacy skills in their students. As a consequence, students should be exposed to participative learning experiences with re al life learning outcomes. References Anstey, M., & Bull, G. (2000). Developing multiple and critical readings of text. Reading the visual: Written and illustrated children’s literature (pp. 201-214). Sydney: Harcourt. Gee, J. (1991) What is literacy? In C.Mitchell & K. Weiler (Eds.), Rewriting literacy. New York: Bergin & Garvey Goos, M. Stillman, G. & Vale,C. (2007). Teaching secondary mathematics. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin. Gunning, T. (2002). Factors involved in reading and writing difficulties. Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties (2nd ed., pp. 26-62). Sydney: Allyn & Bacon. Mills, K. (2006). Discovering design possibilities through a pedagogy of multiliteracies. Journal of Leading Design, 1(3), 61-72 NSW Department of Education and Training. (2010). NSW Department of Education and Training. (2007). Literacy K-12 Policy Retrieved from https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/policies/curriculum/schools/literacy/PD20050288.shtml?query=literacy+policy New South Wales Department of Education and Training. (2006). State literacy plan 2006-2008: Equitable literacy achievements for all students. Retrieved from http://www.curriculumsupprt.education.nsw.gov.au/policies/literacy/guidelinies/plan/index.htm Prain & Hand (1999) Tan, L. (2006). Literacy for the 21st Century. Retrieved from http://iresearch.osprey.url3.net/iresearch/slot/u110/litreviews/literacy4_21st_century.pdf The New London Group. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. In B.Cope & M. Klantzis (Eds.), Multiliteracies, literacy learning and the design of social futures (pp. 9-37). London: Macmillan. Walsh, C. (2006). Beyond the workshop. Doing multiliteracies with adolescents. English in Australia, 41(3), 49-58 Winch, G., Johnston, R., March, P., Ljungdahl, L., & Holliday, M. (2010). Literacy: Reading, writing and children’s literature (4th ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press Cope, Bill and Mary Kalantzis (eds), Multiliteracies: Literacy Learning and the Design of Social Futures, Routledge, London, 2000, 350pp. | link